The solidify in production unifinication of composite material design is out of shape forecast technology

Salagnac [1] person imitate studied the aeriform flow inside autoclave reachs temperature distributinging situation, zhang Cheng, Wang Yonggui [the temperature field that 2] researched to the action sill of gas of flow of the high temperature inside autoclave wears type mould distributings circumstance. Most investigator uses Fourier heat to conduct control equation to describe the heat in process of composite material solidify to conduct, the complex level of the method seeking solution that is a problem only and model is different just. Twardowski [3] oversight the convection inside autoclave conducts heat, the heat that uses simple one dimension model to describe way of ply of plywood of composite material layer conducts a phenomenon, imitate the temperature field on direction of composite material ply distributings. Costa [4] Zuo used model of 2 dimension plane to describe complex outline area the heat of interior of composite material structural member conducts a phenomenon, got field of 2 dimension temperature distributing. Tan Hua [5] uses three-dimensional model simulation the heat of the interior of structural member of large composite material with complex form conducts a phenomenon, got interior of composite material structural member of three-dimensional temperature field distributing. (2) mould element: The hot coefficient of expansion between metallic mould and composite material does not match brought about the interaction between mould and composite material component, below this interaction component part appeared solidify is out of shape, expression is in 2 respects: ① mould and composite material heat conduct distributinging gradient of the temperature inside the layer plywood that coefficient difference causes; ② mould and the stress gradient that composite material heats up difference of coefficient of expansion and cause. Wiersma[6] research shade / in relief mould is affected to solidify metabolic, studied corner is in the difference that reduces thickness to be affected to metabolic. Ramford and Rennick[7] observe mould horn radius is jumped over big, its are smaller to metabolic influence. Twigg [8] uses strain piece the interaction that the experiment studies and analysed mould and composite material theoretically. Satish [9] is built in numeric simulative model cut a layer to replace a mould the action to composite material. Flexible the mould is autoclave integration shapes an important auxiliary pattern in craft, application is very wide also. The experiment such as the Zhang Ning of composite material of Harbin Institute of Technology and structural institute studied the pressure of balata soft model delivers a case [10] . (3) lay up means: Because the linear expansion coefficient of fiber and matrix is different, of average data should be more than fore-and-aft linear expansion far to linear expansion far be less than fore-and-aft model to measure. Accordingly, the every heat that temperature change causes expands and relationship of lay up means is close. Asymmetrical metabolic of the generation after lay up composite material folds layer board solidify is main the anisotropy that the reason is material of layer pressing plate. Layer pressing plate is mixed by colophony matrix enhance material composition of two kinds of material, colophony matrix isotropy and enhancing fiber is anisotropy, bring about layer pressing plate is anisotropy finally. Think commonly, colophony matrix and enhance fibrous to heat up coefficient of expansion to differ in bringing about hot solidify process, direction of different lay up, heat expands abhorrent and generation warp. Actual in difference can exist between orientaton of fibrous of composite material lay up and design orientaton (call error of lay up orientaton) , because this kind of error destroyed the symmetry of original structure, after often bringing about layer plywood solidify, happen be out of shape. (4) colophony is contractive: In the meantime, a few investigator shape to autoclave the leftover stress analysis of action of systole of craft consideration colophony undertook much research works, think chemistry of the resinous in solidify process is contractive cannot oversight, among them, foreign Holmberg[11] passes pair of carbon / annulus oxygen composite material system experiments, be informed chemical systole to having main effect to be out of shape. The chemical systole that Prasatya[12] imitate computation gets three-dimensional epoxy resin is right the influence degree of the generation of leftover stress occupies 30% above. After that, karkkainen [the heat that 13] studied process of 3501-6 colophony solidify is medium expands and chemistry contracts. Discovery heats up coefficient of expansion (CTE) keep invariable, chemical systole and solidify spend thread sexual relationship. The experiment research discovery that wait suffers Liu[14] the influence of means of layer board laid, the leftover stress that chemical systole causes is the 2%~22% of final and leftover stress. Yoon and Kim[15] studied heat is out of shape and chemical systole is opposite L layer board the influence with revulsive and screwy craft. The model adds up to theory to be a foundation with classical layer, the layer when forecasting hot coefficient of expansion and chemical and contractive change board screwy, the discrepancy that discovers hot coefficient of expansion and chemical systole meet an emergency is different cut facing board metabolic is main origin. (5) solidify system: Pressure of solidify temperature, solidify, rate-of-rise of air temperature and coefficient of convection heat exchange are control composite material process cost and shape the crucial parameter of quality. Jung [16] considers to make clear, as solidify temperature rise, of plywood of composite material layer be out of shape increase, leftover stress and be out of shape can increase as the addition of solidify temperature. Rate-of-rise of air temperature and coefficient of convection heat exchange distributing to do not have an influence almost to the colophony of component part, its basically pass the peak value temperature that changes plywood of solidify process middle-level to affect spring back to be out of shape. Peak value temperature can follow rate-of-rise of air temperature rise and rise, those who follow coefficient of convection heat exchange rise and reduce. Peak value temperature jumps over Gao Zaihe bigger, the solidify that arises from this is out of shape bigger also. Accordingly, of peak value temperature rise was equivalent to increasing temperature load, reason spring back is out of shape increase subsequently. Sarrazin[17] , White, Hahn, Guo Zhaopu, Chen Hao wait like that [the rate of build-down of air temperature with 18] inferior discovery can reduce deflection, inferior rate of build-down of air temperature can increase the result with flabby stress. Solidify pressure does not have an influence almost to the peak value temperature of component part, basically affect final component part spring back to be out of shape through changing colophony content. (6) pressure distributings to flow with colophony: In autoclave solidify process, colophony flow is right of leftover stress generate reach be out of shape having main effect, because pressure distributings inhomogenous bring about squeezing ramming inhomogenous, make content of each part colophony different, additional, those who suck glue stuff dosage is not accurate make layer board exists on ply direction inhomogenous resorcinol cloth. It is bosseyed commonly in solidify process suck glue, colophony has a follow the trend that flow direction of direction of layer board ply sucks sub. Bring about on exterior lay up has deficient colophony appearance (fiber content tall) , next exterior lay up have rich colophony appearance (fiber content low) , content of fiber of direction of layer board ply shows gradient change, as the layer board the addition of ply, this differentia different gradually hasten is apparent. Because lay up of content of low fiber bulk heats up coefficient of expansion (CTE) is taller than lay up of high volume content, drop in temperature the systole of lay up of the surface below the process is more than on the surface, the generation after bringing about drawing of patterns is out of shape. Increase as what system of 0 colophony suction glue applies, the inhomogenous sex of this kind of resorcinol cloth gets definite improvement, but the spare parts to having curvature, can be in the place with greater curvature to form pressure gradient, bring about inhomogenous colophony flow, cause change to curvature area resinous increases or decrease, create deficient fat area and rich fat division even, this kind of inhomogenous sex also can affect the spring back of the spare parts to be out of shape. (7) structural anisotropy: Radford and Rennick[19] were considering colophony chemistry in the light of L component spring back gave out to be out of shape below contractive action analytic expression of horn. Dai Di [20] uses planar strain finite odd curved surface of yuan of model imitate computation is thick composite material layer adds up to the wall the solidify of component part is out of shape. The Fernlund of British Colombia university [21] studied the C solidify with L component is out of shape, point out component part is out of shape the geometrical appearance with mould of solidify system, solidify, component and lay up are having close relationship. Domestic Li Jun, Yao Xuefeng [the solidify that 22] built theory to analyse a model to study T integration structure is out of shape, the result shows between the mould in bringing about element of metabolic of solidify of T integration structure and composite material heat does not match the interaction that bring about is the main factor that is next to systole of composite material solidify and heat to expand. (8) fiber bulk content: The change of fiber bulk mark affects performance of the stretch function of material and heat. The fiber bulk score that Wiersma[23] used stretch model to consider work of L composite material changes pair of workpiece metabolic to affect. Pass a test, sung and Hilton[24] observe fiber bulk mark affects solidify process the biggest radiative temperature and solidify are spent. The effect that Loos, Twardowski, Bogetti[25] studied fiber bulk content is radiative to solidify reaction. Fiber bulk mark is reduced mean what exothermic of solidify of quality of composite material unit is measured and peak value gives off heat in layer plywood to increase. These metropolises bring about the gradient that stress distributings, produce workpiece to be out of shape then. It is the inhomogenous sex that fiber and collective distributing on the other hand, namely the gradient of fiber bulk mark distributings. Pair of leftover stress that go up in ply direction especially and metabolic affect this kind of inhomogenous sex bigger. The Yang Jinjun of institute of Beijing aviation production project [26] studied fiber distributings to be affected to metabolic of composite material solidify, put forward fiber to distributing inhomogenous spent token parameter, the solidify that discovers composite material is out of shape distributing to all be not spent as fiber increase and increase. Method of forecast of 2 solidify metabolic and model shape in the light of composite material of the process be out of shape a lot of scholars combine the issue a variety of mechanism built corresponding model. White [27] person solidify kinetic with leftover stress model gather rises built LamCure model this model, suit pair of thinner layers board undertake 2 dimension are analysed, but the capacity that the model does not have hot analysis. Bogetti [28] built heat to conduct as kinetic as solidify coupling model, the interaction that all did not consider a pattern like LamCure model and colophony flow. Johnston [the COM-PRO model that 29] develops considered solidify systole, hot coefficient of expansion not to match, mould action and pressure and the relation that colophony flows. Domestic Guo conquer [30] built viscoelasticity model, use finite yuan of method is leftover to component part stress and solidify are out of shape undertake an analysis. Mr Li [31] built warpage of T integration structure to forecast a model, considered systole of colophony solidify exothermic, solidify, material to heat up coefficient of expansion each to abhorrent wait for an element. Zhang Jikui [32] built numeric imitate of process of composite material solidify and solidify to be out of shape those who forecast is three-dimensional and finite yuan of analysis model. Wang Xiaoxia [the solidify kinetic equation that 33] gave out to simplify, built heat, model of chemical coupling computation, the temperature field that realized composite material and solidify spend a couplet to stand seek solution, model can the colophony solidify process that imitate accompanies solidify reaction fuel factor and gel effect. The solidify that Nextpage faces a project is out of shape forecast model is studying the solidify of composite material structural member is out of shape in forecasting a process, what the Zhang Boming of Beijing aerospace university put forward to face a project is mutiple level solidify is out of shape forecast method. The solidify of complex structure is out of shape computation spreads out for the foundation with the inherent conclusion of simple structure, the structure is ceaseless and complex, consider element of new influence solidify metabolic to arrive in the model ceaselessly, form the forecast method that gets used to different structure administrative levels and craft condition. To the composite material structure of different structure administrative levels, drop in temperature contractive, chemical systole and the proportion that the mould affects place of these 3 elements to occupy are different, in actual computation process, can preserve main factor, oversight secondary element, assure computational precision while simplify computation. Be aimed at the structure with the more complex perhaps wainscot that add muscle, must consider to differ shape craft is affected to metabolic of composite material solidify, put forward to be based on stress to deliver the forecast method of the model, will shape the solidify that craft considers to enter composite material is out of shape forecast model. Later brief introducing the measurement technique of quantity of model of process of the solidify shrinkage that solidify is out of shape analytic middling is used, solidify and hot coefficient of expansion. Finally, gave out a few kinds of half experience that faces project application simplifies model. 1 large and complex structure is out of shape mutiple level forecast model is shown 1 times like the graph, be out of shape for large and complex structure mutiple level forecast model. (1) the 1st module -- consideration colophony drops in temperature contractive. This module considers what the process causes to drop in temperature only be out of shape, did not consider effect of resinous chemistry systole. Input parameter needs lay up only information and one-way board quantity of the model after solidify and data of hot coefficient of expansion (also can use the material property that changes along with temperature) , computational time is short, basic forecast error is achieved 30% the left and right sides. (2) the 2nd module -- consideration colophony chemistry is contractive. On the foundation of the 1st module, this module increased the influence with resinous contractive chemistry again, the leftover stress that introduced colophony chemistry systole to arise. Input parameter and photograph of the 1st module are compared increased colophony (or beforehand dip expects) solidify shrinkage, computational time increases somewhat, but basic forecast error can be achieved 20% the left and right sides. (3) the 3rd module -- consideration mould action. If express 1 to show,describe for model of the 3rd module, compare with photograph of the 2nd module, this module increased the influence of the mould again, built the interaction of composite material component and mould, the material attribute that inputted parameter to raise a pattern (or it is the material attribute that the layer cuts after simplifying) , computational time increases, basic forecast error rises further, can achieve 15% the left and right sides. (4) the 4th module -- use fiber-optic grating to be measured directly obtain initiative be out of shape. This module and photograph of the 3rd module are compared, the function is same, but input quantity simplified however a lot of. The design idea with this main module is to use test on means (can use fiber-optic grating sensor) will obtain field of solidify remains stress to reach be out of shape (the input that serves as a model directly) , will simplify trival model inputs parameter. Basic forecast error can be achieved 15% the left and right sides. (5) the 5th module -- " grading solidify " be out of shape forecast. If the watch is shown 2 times, this module basically is aimed at actual the solidify of medium grading solidify craft is out of shape the problem puts forward, adopt reasonable tie requirement, considered first the chemical systole that existence of solidify structural member cannot restore is out of shape, use stress to deliver a model to come to those who forecast integral structure be out of shape. Computational process is more complex, basic forecast error can be achieved 20% the left and right sides. Of function of the material in 2 forecast model get (1) the measurement of solidify shrinkage. test specimen (for example one-way beforehand dip expects) place in 2 aluminium piece between, use TMA determines its change along with the ply of solidify temperature course. Contrast through blank, 2 will identical aluminium piece fold together, determine blank appearance changes along with the ply of solidify temperature course, this process has gone the influence besides temperature, plan to close through linear finally get solidify shrinkage, if pursue 2 for beforehand shrinkage of dip makings line and solidify temperature pursue along with time change. Nextpage (2) the measurement that solidify process model measures. Solidify process can be divided into 3 phase, level A: Heat make colophony bate flows, solidify reaction increases modular amount, the vitrification transition temperature of material is far under environmental temperature, modular value of a quantity is 0. Level B: Material begins occurrence gel, temperature lifts gradually, modular value of a quantity all is in the start of B area 0, terminus can be decided by the start of C phase. Level C: Beforehand dip makings solidify is complete, and temperature of environment of temperature prep above, consider the effect that temperature measures to data standard only. Measure so that the stretch model quantity of composite material follows temperature change to see a picture through the experiment 3. (3) the measurement of hot coefficient of expansion. Should obtain by the material below solidify temperature load heat is out of shape the leftover stress that cause and solidify are out of shape, must decide the significant hot coefficient of expansion of composite material above all. Because there is solidify bulk to contract in the solidify process that dip expects beforehand, because of this solidify process medium hot coefficient of expansion cannot determine directly, use the value of hot coefficient of expansion after solidify normally. Use autoclave craft to shape above all 6mm is thick one-way board, edge fiber direction (perpendicular fiber direction) sample of 25mm of intercept 6mm × , expand with heat appearance undertakes coefficient of expansion determines heating up, if the graph is shown 4 times,check a result. The 3 half experience that faces project application simplifies model (1) " equivalent difference in temperature " token " solidify is contractive " . Composite material autoclave shapes the systole that matrix of the colophony in process produces measures main component to be 2 parts: The H of solidify systole ε of phase of ① solidify platform (H represents constant temperature) , generation matter is complex, included chemical reaction to be inside. The contractive R measuring ε that level drops in temperature after ② solidify (R delegate drops in temperature) , this phase composite material is already complete solidify, be out of shape depend on completely hot coefficient of expansion. "Equivalent difference in temperature " the goal that advance: Use fiber-optic grating to be measured directly " chemical systole " with " drop in temperature contractive " , put forward " equivalent difference in temperature " the step comes half experience ground token " chemical systole " , need not go considering complex chemical reaction course. Of method of the imitate after simplifying roughly train of thought is as follows: Total deformation is measured (with meet an emergency the form expresses) ε Total= ε H+ ε , (1) T R of Δ of ε R= α , (2) among them, the resinous after α represents solidify heats up coefficient of expansion; Delegate of Δ T R drops in temperature the difference in temperature of level. ε H is to need to measure gotten amount from inside the experiment (see a picture 5) , h of the ε that be the same as manage also can express as as follows form: T H of Δ of ε H= α , only Δ T H is sealed here (namely solidify of constant temperature phase is contractive " equivalent difference in temperature " ) . As a result of R of ε of H / of ε of T R= of Δ of Δ T H/ , decide finally so, r of ε of T R / of Δ of H of ε of T H= of Δ of equivalent difference in temperature. (2) " cut a layer " token mould effect. Do not match the solidify that bring about to be out of shape for imitate mould and heat of composite material component, in remains of composite material component stress is reached be out of shape of the analysis finite yuan one is joined to cut a layer however without consideration mould in the model, cut a layer to be located in the ground floor of composite material component that contacts with the mould, attribute the one part of component part, and the viscoelasticity phase of fat of action Yu Shu. Exist as a result of what cut a layer in solidify imitate process, the ply direction of component part formed gradient of a stress, by heat coefficient of expansion does not match the interaction that bring about between equivalent mould and composite material component, the component part solidify that forecast brings about from this is out of shape. Cut a layer to be reached in leftover stress be out of shape of the analysis finite yuan of bottom that model of component part geometry is located in in the model, it also is the one part of component part, it is the hot coefficient of expansion that carries district of change component bottom fraction and get. Cut a function to will mirror mould and heat of composite material component not to match the interaction condition that cause directly. Mutiple level solidify is out of shape the project that forecasts a technology uses 1 typical structural member be out of shape analysis (1) asymmetrical of lay up structure be out of shape analysis. The author designed 10 groups to differ asymmetrical the layer plywood of lay up (experiment component sees a picture 6, lay up means and deflection contrast see a table 3) , solidify deflection limits is between 2mm~30mm, with the experiment contrast can see, precision of article model forecast is in basically 15% the left and right sides. Nextpage (2) the wainscot that add muscle kind of the structure be out of shape analysis. Author design made the T wainscot that add muscle, labour wainscot that add muscle, T+ be versed in the wainscot that add muscle, duplex operation adds muscle wainscot, if pursue,7 are shown. Use solidify metabolic mutiple level forecast model undertakes forecasting, the analysis sees a picture as a result 8. As comparative as the experiment, be out of shape trend be identical, forecast error also is in 20% less than. (3) of structure of system of beehive interlining spring back be out of shape analysis. Author design created structure of system of spring back of interlining of pillar and awl beehive, use solidify metabolic mutiple level forecast model undertakes forecasting, the analysis sees a picture as a result 9. As comparative as the experiment, be out of shape trend be identical, forecast error also is in 15% less than. The solidify of composite material structure that 2 solidify are out of shape forecast software CompDefor-mation makes limited company be developed jointly by Beijing aerospace university and Shanghai plane is out of shape analytic software (CompDeformation) be be based on " broad sense model " the professional chemical industry of custom-built development on theoretical foundation Cheng software. It basically is to solve " how be opposite quickly structure of typical composite material undertakes an analysis, evaluate " problem, create the job that analyses a report. Solidify of composite material structure is out of shape analytic software was offerred above all use at typical to of all kinds composite material structure (wait like the flat structure, T structure that add muscle) the function that undertakes parameter changes structural design and lay up design. The visible interface that adopts intuitionistic, standard will design dimension and lay up structure, the system offerred agile lay up structure to create a function. Next, software was offerred on this foundation undertake solidify is out of shape analytic function, the system uses pattern plate to change means to define parameter, mirror parameter definition in MAC file, analyse through calling Ansys to undertake solidify is out of shape. Next the system was offerred go to the lavatory and custom-built the is out of shape to solidify analytic structure undertakes examine and be operatinged function that change, proofread convenient user is intuitionisticly, directly to undertaking examining mixing as a result. Finally, the assessment that software offerred relevant solidify target (wait like horn of warp curve, spring back) function, what provided a report at the same time is automatic generate and update a function. Solidify of structure of last word composite material is out of shape forecast is a crucial technology in designing production unifinication, concept of OK and directive mould and craft parameter design, structure and detail are designed, undertake producibility is evaluated. Expert of domestic and international scholar passes old research, at present theoretical analysis method has been perfected quite. But because the constituent of composite material itself is formed, material attribute is more complex, traditional analysis method is too trival, model much, much influencing factor considers parameter of complex, input not to go to the lavatory existence difficulty to coach directly at the same time engineering design and make. So article author is based on project consideration, put forward to be aimed at solidify of large and complex structure to be out of shape mutiple level forecast technology, considered a variety of influencing factor, combinative test on means put forward more simplifying half experience model, can give out well and truly analytic result, the design of structure of directive composite material and make, reduce design cycle, economic production cost. Also need to point out at the same time, in the light of thermoplastic the design of composite material component and make, article model still needs to be improved further, consider will sticky flexibility to be affected to solidify metabolic. CNC Milling CNC Machining