Special cutting tool produces medium application in medium, big batch

  • Time:
  • Click:121
  • source:GEOFF CNC Machining
In production of medium, big batch, often can improve the manufacturing efficiency of the machine tool through working procedure centrally. The concentration of working procedure, besides using much axis to machine, use the special cutting tool of many cutting edge (compound cutting tool) it is another when improve machine tool productivity important way. Because compound cutting tool often can replace a lot of groovy cutting tool, and often be the outfit clip in workpiece fall and the treatment of much talk working procedure is completed in the job journey of cutting tool, because this can reduce the number that change a knife, the repetition that eliminates workpiece or cutting tool locates error, can reduce auxiliary time significantly thereby, improve treatment precision and decrease measure a process. In addition, special cutting tool still can use the job of a few treatment that solves groovy cutting tool to be hard to undertake. As a result of these advantages, this kind of cutting tool gets applied extensively on modular machine tool and transfer matic not only, and in recent years more and more also ground applies at high speed machining center. Long-term the manufacturing practice since makes clear, special cutting tool is used in production of medium, big batch the surface of many relevant functions to workpiece undertakes be machininged integratedly, or the significant step that undertakes to the functional surface that is hard to near treatment is implementation treatment rationalize. Kong Jia is versed in the structural classification of special cutting tool is in production of medium, big batch, special cutting tool is divided a few be outside belonging to special milling cutter, the majority is the special cutting tool that is versed in with Yu Kongjia. Aborning, a lot of machine the task to want to make accurate hole through special cutting tool not only, and often need have the aid of to machine the functional surface related to narrow opening at this kind of cutting tool, the protruding platform end panel that if machine,cooperates aperture, stop mouth and annulus chamfer. Some workpiece, especially casing, the radial that the treatment that has faces of many this kind of function often wants to pass cutting tool walks along a knife to come true (graph 1) . Graph when a variety of 1 treatment jobs that need to use radial to take a knife are being machined, should ensure cooperate aperture photograph to some datum plane or another positional precision that cooperate aperture (verticality, coaxial spends) . Can see from here, special cutting tool is in the comprehensive treatment of aperture and relevant function surface is the action with a very crucial move undoubtedly. From cutting tool structure, special cutting tool can be divided for cutting tool stationary and cutting tool movable type two kinds big () issueing a list. The type of whole of stationary of structural cutting tool that expresses the structure of special cutting tool to classify cutting tool assembles type engine to place means of drive of movable type of type cutting tool to push (pull) lever bumps rely on electromotor of servo of cooling from mental efforts lubricating fluid (A) whole type (B) assembles type to pursue 2. The structural photograph contrast of these compound cutting tool is simpler. Integral formula is complex cutting tool by two or the cutting tool composition of more and identical or different type, be like compound auger, compound reamer, compound reamer and compound clang reamer. The production of this kind of compound cutting tool and blade are ground very disadvantageous, such defect can assemble type through using compound cutting tool and get ameliorative (graph 2) , but assemble type because compound cutting tool increased mechanical join position, the rigid meeting of cutting tool gets the influence of certain level. Machine clip formula is complex the advantage of cutting tool is, after cutting tool wears away, need only will but dislocation razor blade turns to cross an angle or change accordingly bit, compound cutting tool but reuse. Cutting tool movable type is special cutting tool, namely controlled send use cutting tool, be in at present, advocate if use,push (pull) lever, bump lean, the drive means such as centrifugal force, cooling lubricating fluid and servo electromotor will make cutting tool implementation transverse, inclined to or axial feed moves. (A)(c)(b)(d) pursues 3 push (pull) of lever drive send move cutting tool to be pushed mediumly through machine tool main shaft (pull) lever (by install drive in oil cylinder of endmost of main shaft box or servo electromotor) already but classics rack one rack, rack one gear one rack and inclined piece, via rack one sector gear realizes one gear the circumferential feed of cutting tool (graph 3b) , also but the helix chamfer on push rod of have the aid of comes drive is prejudicial installation (line of center of opposite main shaft) arbor has turn, make the cutting tool on arbor is turning radial feed comes true in the process of terminal position from position of rest (graph 3c) , or will drive bit body to realize circumferential feed via lever of drive of another as prejudicial as bit body connective (graph 3d) . This analogize (pull) lever sends the special cutting tool that use, can get used to very wide treatment task, use treatment protruding platform end panel, stop chamfer of annulus of mouth, inside and outside, cone and spherical wait for function face. When high speed is machined, to pushing (pull) lever drive is slip of tool carrier send use cutting tool, although contain,deserve to weigh slide, also be hard to achieve corresponding dynamic balancing quality, and be inside limits of high rotate speed, action is in the force on pull rod to main shaft bearing also be be hard to susceptive. And of prejudicial to using job send use cutting tool, because edge of the cutting on circumgyrate arbor arrives from position of rest,the positional change of terminal position won't affect the change of cutting tool centre of gravity, accordingly, the special cutting tool of this kind of prejudicial job is usable will undertake high speed is machined. Use servo electromotor drive to push (pull) of lever send use cutting tool, control systematic join through servo electromotor and CNC, the feed that can control a system to control cutting edge directly by CNC moves. Because machining center cannot be installed in main shaft,push (pull) lever, basically be on machining center so lean through bumping, the drive means such as centrifugal force, cooling lubricating fluid and servo electromotor will drive cutting tool to move. Graph 4 bump rely on type to send move cutting tool to bump rely on type to send use cutting tool (principle of its job of graph 4) is: Machine tool main shaft moves ahead, the cutting tool that goes up when cutter hub arrives when booking treatment place, what go up in cutter hub with bearing bearing is annular cover what lean in the end panel of workpiece or clamping apparatus with respect to the top to stop rely on a face to go up, make cutter hub moves ahead no longer, and main shaft still continues to move ahead, carry transmission element right now (like rack one gear one rack or inclined slide block, or transmission lever) the axial that is the changeover of axial feed motion of the machine tool cutting tool, inclined to or circumferential feed moves. Bump rely on type to send move cutting tool and push (pull) lever is sent like using cutting tool, aborning is the special cutting tool with applied taller frequency. Centrifugal force is sent using cutting tool is a kind very original is special cutting tool, this kind of cutting tool is the shift that used the centrifugal power that produces when high speed is machined ably to drive cutting tool or feed motion. Of the machining center hole that its job principle shows 5 times with the graph and annulus chamfer send move cutting tool to explain. Knife of clang of essence of life F27 of machining center aperture.

99H7, 4000r/min of main shaft rotate speed, right now slide block of medium knife of grooving of piston along with is in oil cylinder to move outside the radial below centrifugal force effect and leave to already machined place. After grooving knife axial locates, main shaft rotate speed falls to 2000r/min, leave mental efforts at this moment also subsequently decrescent, grooving knife slide block unloads in bedspring strength effect move inside radial, machine annulus chamfer, in grooving process, make through throttle the feed rate of grooving keeps constant. After annulus chamfer treatment ends, main shaft rotate speed raises 4000r/min again from 2000r/min, grooving knife slide block increases because of centrifugal force and move outside radial, send right now move cutting tool to be retreated to former. Graph 5 centrifugal force are sent use cutting tool (Mapal company) 6 treatment of plan the compound cutting tool of aperture of brake pedestal center (Mapal company) use centrifugal power usable still come drive (if pass the piston of two contraposition that take rack drive is prejudicial find a place for, drive prejudicial circumgyrate tool carrier to have turn from this) the cutting tool of prejudicial job undertakes the treatment such as grooving and car end panel and the cutting feed that use cutting tool of centrifugal and direct drive. The electron is sent using cutting tool is a kind of special cutting tool that has the job of servo electromotor inside knife handle or cutter hub, this kind of cutting tool passes blame contact (induction) energy (electric current) transmit with data, the feed that controls cutting tool directly by system of machine tool NC moves. Use cooling lubricating fluid to send the cutting tool that use, it is to use lubricating fluid of machine tool refrigeration (the pressure that restrains 106Pa) the shift that will drive cutting tool through the piston or dislocation. Aborning, this kind is sent use cutting tool application not much. Can see from inside afore-mentioned introducing, type of structure of special cutting tool is very various, as technical development, change as the high speed of treatment especially, of NC interpolation precision raise the development with microelectronics technology, the further progress that is special cutting tool developed new approach. The circumferential feed that the compound cutting tool that uses NC interpolation can pass the circular arc interpolation of axis of X axis He Ya to realize cutting tool on machining center moves, use X- , y- , the helix feed that realizes cutting tool with the interpolation of Z axis moves. The circumferential feed that uses cutting tool is OK grooving, pour horn and clang opening working procedure is centrally on a cutting tool, and it is OK to use helix feed to move it is bore and mill whorl centrally on a thread tool that get mill. The graph shows the compound cutting tool that is aperture of center of treatment brake pedestal 6 times. This cutting tool is opposite in succession in job journey Kong Jin goes beforehand thick boring (purify casts flash) , the clang of thick clang, essence of life, annulus chamfer that pours horn and circumferential milling Kong Zhong. Use this to plant compound cutting tool and use individual cutting tool to undertake machining be comparinged, this kind of cutting tool reduced auxiliary time significantly, shortened greatly thereby handling time. Current, resemble machining the compound cutting tool of aperture of hinge of connecting rod is big aperture, chain link, the circular arc interpolation that also uses machine tool rod realizes the treatment pouring wine cup of aperture. (A) Mapal company (B) Komet company pursues 7 electrons are controlled cutting tool electron is controlled the union of technology of cutting tool microelectronics and cutting tool technology, the development that is special cutting tool not only developed new approach, and more the intelligence of cutting tool is changed offerred a possibility. This kind of electron that uses microelectronics technology development is controlled cutting tool (graph 7) , in cutter hub traditional Chinese clothes useful Yu Dao provides the servo electromotor of shift or feed, be transmitted through be not the electric current of contact and data conveys to control the CNC of the servo electromotor in cutter hub and machine tool systematic join rise, this makes controlled cutting tool can realize this kind of electron cutting tool cannot be finished normally, and by machine tool or a few functions that will finish by the additional device that is set in machine tool main shaft, the many sided application that is this kind of cutting tool thereby created a condition. As a result of compositive NC axis, make this kind of electron controlled a when cutting tool becomes machining center additional with the U axis that can change. This kind of electron is controlled cutting tool, can use the process such as reaming of implementation car end panel, grooving and aperture of bore with a reamer already, can undertake with Z axis linear interpolation is used with circular arc interpolation again undertake outline is machined (oblique plane, circular arc, spherical wait for) . This kind of electron is controlled cutting tool, the sensor that answers when mount photograph (the actual diameter that measures treatment and cutting force) can be opposite of cutting tool wear away to undertake compensating or undertake monitoring to the durability of cutting tool. Current, the comprehensive treatment that controlled cutting tool already used this kind of electron at the spiracle valve base that builds to the crock and tracheal aperture (if German Makino is mixed,Grab company is machining a crock to build equipment to went up to already applied) of this kind of cutting tool. The special cutting tool that example of representative application of special cutting tool machines a crock to cover spiracle valve base and tracheal hole pursues 8 use push rod to deliver the treatment that use what the graph of special cutting tool of spiracle valve base and tracheal aperture shows 8 times is one uses turning valve base working cone. The treatment of cone of valve base job, normally Huo is cut with turning two kinds of craft. When using huang3hu1 to cut craft, because valve base is oil hard data (HRC50 ～ 58) , of edge wear away faster, outline of tatty of this kind of edge can duplicate to go up in working cone, this meeting affects the sealing when valve base works. Because the special cutting tool that shows here uses turning craft to machine cone of valve base job to be able to avoid the flaw that when Huo is cut, appears thereby. Special cutting tool is machined in the begining, the cutting tool of fixed installation above all end panel of Huo valve base (edge Ⅱ ) mix arris (edge Ⅲ and Ⅳ ) . These cutting tool are then regressive 0.

2mm, make edge Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳ are broken away from already machined the surface, make install in tilt the lathe tool on slide is in need treatment place, pass right now outer push rod makes slide realizes feed, to valve base working cone has car of essence of life, after fine vehicle is over, main shaft rotate speed turns into to cut the rotate speed of set by bore with a reamer, push rod drives reamer to undertake to tracheal aperture bore with a reamer cuts treatment inside, after bore with a reamer cuts an end, inside, extrapolate lever go back makes edge returns position of rest. Graph the 9 special cutting tool that use centrifugal force to send the treatment valve valve base that use and tracheal aperture (Mapal company) pursue the graph of special cutting tool of body shows 10 treatment transmission case 9 times is to use centrifugal force to send those who move. When this kind of cutting tool is being machined, cutting tool is first with 1, the rotate speed huang3hu1 of 000r/min cuts cone of valve base job, after Huo is cut, cutting tool is regressive about 0.

2mm, then cutting tool rotate speed rises 5, 000r/min, move outside the from mental efforts radial that right now place of piston have the aid of produces, the oil in extruding oil pocket goes driving the piston in central oil pocket, drive reamer to undertake machining to tracheal aperture. Throttle is set in interiorly oil path, so that make,reamer carries constant feed rate. After tracheal aperture treatment ends, the rotate speed of special cutting tool falls again to 1, 000r/ Min, reamer is retreated automatically below the action of bedspring force return position of rest. Use afore-mentioned special cutting tool, the coaxial of spiracle valve base and tracheal aperture is spent can amount to <10µm. The special cutting tool that processes gear-box form is the Ⅰ of 3 end panel inside treatment gearshift casing, Ⅱ and Ⅲ , one is used to send the special cutting tool that use by hydraulic pressure push rod here (graph 10) . When treatment, push rod moves the circumgyrate tool carrier that heart of deflect of press of classics helix gutter finds a place for to rotate to reach, make the car on tool carrier carries face cutting tool (2) , (3) and (4) the position of rest from it (the biggest diameter that is located in end panel is in) inward turning, treatment gives 3 end panel, the basic time of treatment only 19 seconds, the flatness of end panel amounts to 6µm. The compound cutting tool that machines whorl aperture is current, can use a whorl that get mill compound cutting tool (through interpolation of helix of NC machine tool) treatment whorl aperture (graph 11) , finish in the job journey in cutting tool auger whorl bottom outlet, pour horn and mill whorl. If use this kind of cutting tool,the deepness on treatment crock lid is 14.

The M6 screw of 1mm, in main shaft rotate speed 20, 000r/min, feed falls for the circumstance of 700mm/min, the handling time of a screw needs only 1.

2 seconds, this kind of cutting tool can be used at machining the screw of different diameter in the circumstance of same pitch. Graph the 11 whorl that get mill are compound many cutting treatment makes clear cutting tool epilogue, cutting tool is having crucial effect to producing the optimizing of technological process. In production of medium, big batch, using compound cutting tool to undertake be machininged integratedly is the important step that achieves manufacturing rationalize. The development of compound cutting tool and controlled cutting tool is concerned with a lot of elements, outside eliminating cutting tool material, coating and appearance of cutting tool geometry, machine tool technology also is having main effect. In recent years, all sorts of compound cutting tool of the rich creativity that the achievement place of the centrifugal power that when the interpolation function that uses CNC machining center, high speed is machined, produces and microelectronics technology develops and controlled cutting tool expanded greatly the structure of this kind of cutting tool, enter medium, big batch to produced a domain to offer a technology to support for high speed machining center. Especially the microelectronics technology development to controlled cutting tool, change to the intelligence of cutting tool especially will have decisive effect. CNC Milling CNC Machining